The psychophysiological status of e-athletes (a review)
Keywords:
e-sports, e-athletes, risk, health, psychophysiological status, sensorimotor reaction, mental disorder
Abstract
Background. The structure of e-sports tournaments is comparable to that of traditional sports, and, therefore, e-athletes also need scientifically based performance enhancement. However, the technological development of e-sports is faster than the requirements for e-athletes, including their states, skills, and abilities that are an integral part of their psychophysiological status. In the absence of adequate data on the characteristics of e-athletes, the negative effects of their training and competitive activities cannot be prevented effectively. Materials and methods. This paper presents a review of more than 60 foreign sources from PubMed. The keywords included the following: “e-sports”, “e-athletes”, “psychophysiological status”, “sensorimotor reaction”, “mental disorder”. Results: this literature review is structured and presented in sections that outline the clinical and physiological characteristics of e-sports. Additionally, it provides an analysis of factors that determine the functional fitness and psychophysiological status of e-athletes. The “mental disorders” section is comprehensively presented, allowing for the assessment of risks related to the cognitive and affective-emotional spheres of e-athletes. Conclusion: the paper offers insights into promising areas of research on the psychophysiological support of e-athletes during training and competitive activities. It delves into the simultaneous enhancement of cognitive abilities, psychomotor efficiency, and physical training, highlighting the need for a well-rounded approach to athlete development. Notably, significant efforts by psychologists and related specialists are aimed at the development of stress resistance in e-athletes and the prevention of mental disorders to improve professional performance.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Emara A.K., Ng M.K., Cruickshank J.A. et al. Gamers Health Guide: Optimizing Performance, Recognizing Hazards, and Promoting Wellness in Esports. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2020;19(12):537–545. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000787
2. Pereira A.M., Teques P., Verhagen E. et al. Mental health symptoms in electronic football players. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2021;7(4):e001149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149
3. Nagorsky E., Wiemeyer J. The structure of performance and training in esports. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237584. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237584
4. Law A., Ho G., Moore M. Care of the Esports Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2023;22(6):224–229. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001077
5. Franks R.R., King D., Bodine W. et al. AOASM position statement on esports, active video gaming, and the role of the sports medicine physician. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2022;32(3):e221–e229. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001034
6. Ma H., Wu Y., Wu X. Research on essential difference of e-sport and online game. Ed. W. Du. Informatics and management science V. London: Springer. 2013:615–621.
7. Himmelstein D., Liu Y., Shapiro J.L. An exploration of mental skills among competitive League of Legend players. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulatio. 2017;9(2):1–21. DOI: 10.4018/IJGCMS.2017040101
8. Lindberg L., Nielsen S.B., Damgaard M. et al. Musculoskeletal pain is common in competitive gaming: a cross-sectional study among Danish esports athletes. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2020;6(1):000799. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000799
9. Miller D.L. Nintendo neck. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1991;145(10):1202.
10. Thompson J.J., Blair M.R., Chen L., Henrey A.J. Video game telemetry as a critical tool in the study of complex skill learning. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75129. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075129
11. Zwibel H., Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Defeo A., Yao S. An osteopathic physicians approach to the esports athlete. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2019;119:756–62.
12. Kohorst M.A., Warad D.M., Nageswara Rao A.A., Rodriguez V. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and video games: The new thrombophilia cocktail in adolescents. Pediatric Blood and Cancer 2018;65(7):e27041–1. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27041
13. Rambaran K.A., Alzghari S.K. Gamers Thrombosis: A Review of Published Reports. Ochsner Journal. 2020;20(2):182–186. DOI: 10.31486/toj.19.0058
14. Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Balentine J., Schmidt G., Zwibel H. Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2019;5:e000467.
15. Akinbinu T.R., Mashalla Y.J. Medical practice and review impact of computer technology on health: computer vision syndrome (CVS). Academic journal. 2014;5(3):20–30. DOI: 10.5897/MPR.2014.0121
16. Sheppard A.L., Wolffsohn J.S. Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmology. 2018;3(1):e000146. DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146
17. Hasan Y., Bègue L., Bushman B.J. Violent video games stress people out and make them more aggressive. Aggressive Behavior. 2013;39(1):64–70. DOI: 10.1002/ab.21454
18. Machado S., de Oliveira SantAna L., Cid L. et al. Impact of victory and defeat on the perceived stress and autonomic regulation of professional eSports athletes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:987149. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987149
19. Meeusen R., Duclos M., Foster C. et al. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2013;45(1):186–205. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a
20. ValladÃo S.P., Middleton J., Andre T.L. Esport: fortnite acutely increases heart rate of young men. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(6):1217–1227
21. Behnke M., Kosakowski M., Kaczmarek L.D. Social challenge and threat predict performance and cardiovascular responses during competitive video gaming. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2020;46:101584. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101584
22. Buchheit M. Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology. 2014;5:73. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00073
23. Andre T.L., Walsh S.M., ValladÃo S., Cox D. Physiological and perceptual response to a live collegiate esports tournament. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(6):1418–1429.
24. Porter A.M., Goolkasian P. Video games and stress: how stress appraisals and game content affect cardiovascular and emotion outcomes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019;10:967. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00967
25. Sousa A., Ahmad S.L., Hassan T. et al. Physiological and cognitive functions following a discrete session of competitive esports gaming. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1030. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01030
26. Chung T., Sum S., Chan M., et al. Will esports result in a higher prevalence of problematic gaming? A review of the global situation. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2019;8(3):384–394. DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019
27. Cottrell C., McMillen N., Harris B.S. Sport psychology in a virtual world: Considerations for practitioners working in eSports. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. 2019;10(2):73–81. DOI: 10.1080/21520704.2018.1518280
28. Bányai F., Zsila Á., Griffiths M.D., Demetrovics Z., Király O. Career as a professional gamer: gaming motives as predictors of career plans to become a professional esport player. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1866. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01866
29. Kardefelt-Winther D. The moderating role of psychosocial well-being on the relationship between escapism and excessive online gaming. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;38:68–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.020
30. Mehroof M., Griffiths M.D. Online gaming addiction: the role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2010;13(3):313–316. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0229
31. Király O., Griffiths M.D., King D.L. et al. Policy responses to problematic video game use: A systematic review of current measures and future possibilities. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2018;7(3):503–517. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.050
32. Pérez-Rubio C., González J., de los Fayos E.G. Personalidad y burnout en jugadores profesionales de e-sports. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2017;17(1):41–50.
33. Lee S., Bonnar D., Roane B. et al. sleep characteristics and mood of professional esports athletes: a multi-national study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(2):664. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020664
34. Smith M., Sharpe B., Arumuham A., Birch P. Examining the predictors of mental ill health in esport competitors. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(4):626. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040626
35. Hollist K.E. Time to be grown-ups about video gaming: The rising eSports industry and the need for regulation. Arizona Law Review. 2015;57:823.
36. Neal J.A., Edelmann R.J., Glachan M. Behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression: is there a specific relationship with social phobia? British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(Pt4):361–374. DOI: 10.1348/014466502760387489
37. Smith M.J., Birch P.D.J., Bright D. Identifying stressors and coping strategies of elite esports competitors. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations. 2019;11:22–39. DOI: 10.4018/IJGCMS.2019040102
38. Pereira A.M., Teques P., Verhagen E.et al. Mental health symptoms in electronic football players. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2021;7(4):e001149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149
39. Billieux J., Potenza M.N., Maurage P. et al. Cognitive factors associated with gaming disorder, cognition and addiction. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2020:221–230.
40. Behnke M., Stefanczyk M.M., Żurek G., Sorokowski P. Esports players are less extroverted and conscientious than athletes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2023;26(1):50–56. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0067
41. Ballard M., Gray M., Reilly J., Noggle M. Correlates of video game screen time among males: body mass, physical activity, and other media use. Eating Behaviors. 2009;10(3):161–167. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.05.001
42. Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Balentine J., Schmidt G., Zwibel H. Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2019;5:e000467.
43. Gomes M.A., Narciso F.V., de Mello M.T., Esteves A.M. Identifying electronic-sport athletes sleep-wake cycle characteristics. Chronobiology International. 2021;38(7):1002–1009. DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1903480
44. Fornal-Urban A., Keska A., Dobosz J., Nowacka-Dobosz S. Physical fitness in relation to age and body build of young chess players. Pediatric endocrinology diabetes and metabolism. 2009;15(3):177–182.
45. DiFrancisco-Donoghue J., Werner W.G., Douris P.C., Zwibel H. Esports players, got muscle? Competitive video game players physical activity, body fat, bone mineral content, and muscle mass in comparison to matched controls. Journal of sport and health science. 2022;11(6):725–730. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.006
46. Yang Y., Shin J.C., Li D., An R. Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Problems: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2017;24(4):481–492. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9609-0
47. Hatori M., Gronfier C., Van Gelder R.N. et al. Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies. NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease. 2017;3:9. DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0010-2
48. Chang H.C.L., Burbridge H., Wong C. Extensive deep vein thrombosis following prolonged gaming (gamers thrombosis): a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2013;7:1–2.
49. Bradbury K.M., Turel O., Morrison K.M. Electronic device use and beverage related sugar and caffeine intake in US adolescents. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223912. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223912
50. Nakatani H., Yamaguchi Y. Quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts. Scientific Reports. 2014;4:5894. DOI: 10.1038/srep05894
51. Fuentes-García J.P., Pereira T., Castro M.A. et al. Heart and brain responses to real versus simulated chess games in trained chess players: a quantitative EEG and HRV study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(24):5021. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245021
52. Dye M.W., Green C.S., Bavelier D. Increasing Speed of Processing With Action Video Games. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2009;18(6):321–326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x
53. de Araujo T.B., Silveira F.R., Souza D.L.S. et al. Impact of video game genre on surgical skills development: a feasibility study. Journal of Surgical Research. 2016;201(1):235–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.035
54. Rosser J.C. Jr., Lynch P.J., Cuddihy L. et al. The impact of video games on training surgeons in the 21st century. Archives of Surgery. 2007;142(2):181–186. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.142.2.181
55. de Las Heras B., Li O., Rodrigues L., Nepveu J.F., Roig M. Exercise improves video game performance: a win-win situation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2020;52(7):1595–1602. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002277
56. Huang T., Larsen K.T., Ried-Larsen M. et al. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans: A review. Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports. 2014;24(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12069
57. Voss M.W., Vivar C., Kramer A.F., van Praag H. Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2013;17(10):525–544. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.001
58. Maass A., Düzel S., Brigadski T. et al. Relationships of peripheral IGF-1, VEGF and BDNF levels to exercise-related changes in memory, hippocampal perfusion and volumes in older adults. Neuroimage. 2016;131:142–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.084
59. Toth A.J., Ramsbottom N., Kowal M., Campbell M.J. Converging evidence supporting the cognitive link between exercise and esport performance: a dual systematic review. Brain Sciences. 2020;10(11):859. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110859
60. Sainz I., Collado-Mateo D., Coso J.D. Effect of acute caffeine intake on hit accuracy and reaction time in professional e-sports players. Physiology and Behavior. 2020;224:113031. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113031
61. Deleuze J., Christiaens M., Nuyens F., Billieux J. Shoot at first sight! First person shooter players display reduced reaction time and compromised inhibitory control in comparison to other video game players. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;72:570–576. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.027
62. Bediou B., Adams D.M., Mayer R.E. et al. Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological Bulletin. 2018;144(1):77–110. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000130
63. Sanz-Matesanz M., Gea-García G.M., Martínez-Aranda L.M. Physical and psychological factors related to players health and performance in esports: A scoping review. Computers in Human Behavior. 2023;143:107698. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107698.
64. Pluss M.A., Bennett K.J.M., Novak A.R. et al. Esports: The Chess of the 21st Century. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10:156. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00156
65. Herold F., Hamacher D., Schega L., Müller N.G. Thinking while moving or moving while thinking – concepts of motor-cognitive training for cognitive performance enhancement. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2018;10:228. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00228
66. Poulus D., Coulter T.J., Trotter M.G., Polman R. Stress and Coping in Esports and the Influence of Mental Toughness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:628. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00628
2. Pereira A.M., Teques P., Verhagen E. et al. Mental health symptoms in electronic football players. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2021;7(4):e001149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149
3. Nagorsky E., Wiemeyer J. The structure of performance and training in esports. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237584. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237584
4. Law A., Ho G., Moore M. Care of the Esports Athlete. Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2023;22(6):224–229. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000001077
5. Franks R.R., King D., Bodine W. et al. AOASM position statement on esports, active video gaming, and the role of the sports medicine physician. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2022;32(3):e221–e229. DOI: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001034
6. Ma H., Wu Y., Wu X. Research on essential difference of e-sport and online game. Ed. W. Du. Informatics and management science V. London: Springer. 2013:615–621.
7. Himmelstein D., Liu Y., Shapiro J.L. An exploration of mental skills among competitive League of Legend players. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulatio. 2017;9(2):1–21. DOI: 10.4018/IJGCMS.2017040101
8. Lindberg L., Nielsen S.B., Damgaard M. et al. Musculoskeletal pain is common in competitive gaming: a cross-sectional study among Danish esports athletes. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2020;6(1):000799. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000799
9. Miller D.L. Nintendo neck. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1991;145(10):1202.
10. Thompson J.J., Blair M.R., Chen L., Henrey A.J. Video game telemetry as a critical tool in the study of complex skill learning. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75129. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075129
11. Zwibel H., Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Defeo A., Yao S. An osteopathic physicians approach to the esports athlete. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2019;119:756–62.
12. Kohorst M.A., Warad D.M., Nageswara Rao A.A., Rodriguez V. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and video games: The new thrombophilia cocktail in adolescents. Pediatric Blood and Cancer 2018;65(7):e27041–1. DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27041
13. Rambaran K.A., Alzghari S.K. Gamers Thrombosis: A Review of Published Reports. Ochsner Journal. 2020;20(2):182–186. DOI: 10.31486/toj.19.0058
14. Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Balentine J., Schmidt G., Zwibel H. Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2019;5:e000467.
15. Akinbinu T.R., Mashalla Y.J. Medical practice and review impact of computer technology on health: computer vision syndrome (CVS). Academic journal. 2014;5(3):20–30. DOI: 10.5897/MPR.2014.0121
16. Sheppard A.L., Wolffsohn J.S. Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmology. 2018;3(1):e000146. DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146
17. Hasan Y., Bègue L., Bushman B.J. Violent video games stress people out and make them more aggressive. Aggressive Behavior. 2013;39(1):64–70. DOI: 10.1002/ab.21454
18. Machado S., de Oliveira SantAna L., Cid L. et al. Impact of victory and defeat on the perceived stress and autonomic regulation of professional eSports athletes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:987149. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987149
19. Meeusen R., Duclos M., Foster C. et al. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2013;45(1):186–205. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a
20. ValladÃo S.P., Middleton J., Andre T.L. Esport: fortnite acutely increases heart rate of young men. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(6):1217–1227
21. Behnke M., Kosakowski M., Kaczmarek L.D. Social challenge and threat predict performance and cardiovascular responses during competitive video gaming. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2020;46:101584. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101584
22. Buchheit M. Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome? Frontiers in Physiology. 2014;5:73. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00073
23. Andre T.L., Walsh S.M., ValladÃo S., Cox D. Physiological and perceptual response to a live collegiate esports tournament. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2020;13(6):1418–1429.
24. Porter A.M., Goolkasian P. Video games and stress: how stress appraisals and game content affect cardiovascular and emotion outcomes. Frontiers in Physiology. 2019;10:967. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00967
25. Sousa A., Ahmad S.L., Hassan T. et al. Physiological and cognitive functions following a discrete session of competitive esports gaming. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1030. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01030
26. Chung T., Sum S., Chan M., et al. Will esports result in a higher prevalence of problematic gaming? A review of the global situation. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2019;8(3):384–394. DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019
27. Cottrell C., McMillen N., Harris B.S. Sport psychology in a virtual world: Considerations for practitioners working in eSports. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action. 2019;10(2):73–81. DOI: 10.1080/21520704.2018.1518280
28. Bányai F., Zsila Á., Griffiths M.D., Demetrovics Z., Király O. Career as a professional gamer: gaming motives as predictors of career plans to become a professional esport player. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:1866. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01866
29. Kardefelt-Winther D. The moderating role of psychosocial well-being on the relationship between escapism and excessive online gaming. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;38:68–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.020
30. Mehroof M., Griffiths M.D. Online gaming addiction: the role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2010;13(3):313–316. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2009.0229
31. Király O., Griffiths M.D., King D.L. et al. Policy responses to problematic video game use: A systematic review of current measures and future possibilities. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2018;7(3):503–517. DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.050
32. Pérez-Rubio C., González J., de los Fayos E.G. Personalidad y burnout en jugadores profesionales de e-sports. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2017;17(1):41–50.
33. Lee S., Bonnar D., Roane B. et al. sleep characteristics and mood of professional esports athletes: a multi-national study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(2):664. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020664
34. Smith M., Sharpe B., Arumuham A., Birch P. Examining the predictors of mental ill health in esport competitors. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(4):626. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040626
35. Hollist K.E. Time to be grown-ups about video gaming: The rising eSports industry and the need for regulation. Arizona Law Review. 2015;57:823.
36. Neal J.A., Edelmann R.J., Glachan M. Behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression: is there a specific relationship with social phobia? British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;41(Pt4):361–374. DOI: 10.1348/014466502760387489
37. Smith M.J., Birch P.D.J., Bright D. Identifying stressors and coping strategies of elite esports competitors. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations. 2019;11:22–39. DOI: 10.4018/IJGCMS.2019040102
38. Pereira A.M., Teques P., Verhagen E.et al. Mental health symptoms in electronic football players. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2021;7(4):e001149. DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149
39. Billieux J., Potenza M.N., Maurage P. et al. Cognitive factors associated with gaming disorder, cognition and addiction. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 2020:221–230.
40. Behnke M., Stefanczyk M.M., Żurek G., Sorokowski P. Esports players are less extroverted and conscientious than athletes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2023;26(1):50–56. DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0067
41. Ballard M., Gray M., Reilly J., Noggle M. Correlates of video game screen time among males: body mass, physical activity, and other media use. Eating Behaviors. 2009;10(3):161–167. DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.05.001
42. Difrancisco-Donoghue J., Balentine J., Schmidt G., Zwibel H. Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. 2019;5:e000467.
43. Gomes M.A., Narciso F.V., de Mello M.T., Esteves A.M. Identifying electronic-sport athletes sleep-wake cycle characteristics. Chronobiology International. 2021;38(7):1002–1009. DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1903480
44. Fornal-Urban A., Keska A., Dobosz J., Nowacka-Dobosz S. Physical fitness in relation to age and body build of young chess players. Pediatric endocrinology diabetes and metabolism. 2009;15(3):177–182.
45. DiFrancisco-Donoghue J., Werner W.G., Douris P.C., Zwibel H. Esports players, got muscle? Competitive video game players physical activity, body fat, bone mineral content, and muscle mass in comparison to matched controls. Journal of sport and health science. 2022;11(6):725–730. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.006
46. Yang Y., Shin J.C., Li D., An R. Sedentary Behavior and Sleep Problems: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2017;24(4):481–492. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9609-0
47. Hatori M., Gronfier C., Van Gelder R.N. et al. Global rise of potential health hazards caused by blue light-induced circadian disruption in modern aging societies. NPJ Aging and Mechanisms of Disease. 2017;3:9. DOI: 10.1038/s41514-017-0010-2
48. Chang H.C.L., Burbridge H., Wong C. Extensive deep vein thrombosis following prolonged gaming (gamers thrombosis): a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2013;7:1–2.
49. Bradbury K.M., Turel O., Morrison K.M. Electronic device use and beverage related sugar and caffeine intake in US adolescents. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0223912. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223912
50. Nakatani H., Yamaguchi Y. Quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts. Scientific Reports. 2014;4:5894. DOI: 10.1038/srep05894
51. Fuentes-García J.P., Pereira T., Castro M.A. et al. Heart and brain responses to real versus simulated chess games in trained chess players: a quantitative EEG and HRV study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(24):5021. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245021
52. Dye M.W., Green C.S., Bavelier D. Increasing Speed of Processing With Action Video Games. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2009;18(6):321–326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01660.x
53. de Araujo T.B., Silveira F.R., Souza D.L.S. et al. Impact of video game genre on surgical skills development: a feasibility study. Journal of Surgical Research. 2016;201(1):235–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.035
54. Rosser J.C. Jr., Lynch P.J., Cuddihy L. et al. The impact of video games on training surgeons in the 21st century. Archives of Surgery. 2007;142(2):181–186. DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.142.2.181
55. de Las Heras B., Li O., Rodrigues L., Nepveu J.F., Roig M. Exercise improves video game performance: a win-win situation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2020;52(7):1595–1602. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002277
56. Huang T., Larsen K.T., Ried-Larsen M. et al. The effects of physical activity and exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy humans: A review. Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports. 2014;24(1):1–10. DOI: 10.1111/sms.12069
57. Voss M.W., Vivar C., Kramer A.F., van Praag H. Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends in cognitive sciences. 2013;17(10):525–544. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.001
58. Maass A., Düzel S., Brigadski T. et al. Relationships of peripheral IGF-1, VEGF and BDNF levels to exercise-related changes in memory, hippocampal perfusion and volumes in older adults. Neuroimage. 2016;131:142–154. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.084
59. Toth A.J., Ramsbottom N., Kowal M., Campbell M.J. Converging evidence supporting the cognitive link between exercise and esport performance: a dual systematic review. Brain Sciences. 2020;10(11):859. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110859
60. Sainz I., Collado-Mateo D., Coso J.D. Effect of acute caffeine intake on hit accuracy and reaction time in professional e-sports players. Physiology and Behavior. 2020;224:113031. DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113031
61. Deleuze J., Christiaens M., Nuyens F., Billieux J. Shoot at first sight! First person shooter players display reduced reaction time and compromised inhibitory control in comparison to other video game players. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;72:570–576. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.027
62. Bediou B., Adams D.M., Mayer R.E. et al. Meta-analysis of action video game impact on perceptual, attentional, and cognitive skills. Psychological Bulletin. 2018;144(1):77–110. DOI: 10.1037/bul0000130
63. Sanz-Matesanz M., Gea-García G.M., Martínez-Aranda L.M. Physical and psychological factors related to players health and performance in esports: A scoping review. Computers in Human Behavior. 2023;143:107698. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107698.
64. Pluss M.A., Bennett K.J.M., Novak A.R. et al. Esports: The Chess of the 21st Century. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019;10:156. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00156
65. Herold F., Hamacher D., Schega L., Müller N.G. Thinking while moving or moving while thinking – concepts of motor-cognitive training for cognitive performance enhancement. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2018;10:228. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00228
66. Poulus D., Coulter T.J., Trotter M.G., Polman R. Stress and Coping in Esports and the Influence of Mental Toughness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11:628. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00628
References on translit
-
Published
2023-12-31
How to Cite
Baiguzhina, O., Nikolskaya, O., Komissarova, O., Perepelyukova, E., & Fomina, L. (2023). The psychophysiological status of e-athletes (a review). Psychology. Psychophysiology, 16(4), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps230408
Issue
Section
Psychophysiology
Copyright (c) 2023 Psychology. Psychophysiology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
