Problematic use of social media in adolescents with Internet addictive behavior: preliminary results
Keywords:
problematic use, social media, Internet addictive behavior, adolescents, behavioral addictions
Abstract
Introduction. The prevalence, phenomenology, clinical manifestations, and psychological predictors of the problematic use of social media are relevant areas of modern scientific research, which is explained by increasing digitalization and its negative consequences for mental health. Aim: the paper aims to study the problematic use of social media in adolescent schoolchildren with Internet addictive behavior. Materials and methods. The study involved 633 schoolchildren (358 boys and 275 girls) from the Moscow region, aged 15–17. The study methods were as follows: Problematic Facebook Use Scale; frequency and duration of social media use scales; Chen Internet Addiction Scale. Results. The majority of students demonstrated a tendency toward problematic use of social media (83.4 %), 6.3 % had minimal risk, and 5.7 % had problematic use. The problematic use of social media was characterized by: spending time in social networks out of boredom (95.1 %); need to regulate the emotional state (87.7 %); difficulties with time management related to the use of social media (72.0 %). Excessive social media use (6 or more hours) was significantly more common (p < 0.001) in adolescents with problematic social media use both on school days and on weekends. The results of the internet-addictive behavior measurements were comparable to those of the problematic use of social media: 72.4 % had a tendency toward Internet addiction, 17.3 % had minimal risk, and 9.5 % were Internet addicts. Internet-addictive behavior in adolescent schoolchildren was characterized by: difficulties with self-control (70.3 %), Internet access-related anxiety (64.6 %), and a feeling of discomfort when offline (59.7 %). Conclusion. The different severity of the problematic use of social media and Internet addiction indicates the need for differentiated approaches to preventing these behavioral addictions.
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References
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2. Egorov A.Yu. Non-chemical (behavioral) addiction: issues of typology, diagnosis and classification. Voprosy narkologii = Addiction issues. 2020;4(187):7–23. (in Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47877/0234-0623_2020_4_7
3. Kolmogortseva A.A., Rylskaya E.A. Individual Psychological Traits in Internet Addicted People. Psihologiya. Psihofiziologiya. = Psychology. Psychophysiology. 2021;1(14):14–22. (in Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps210102
4. Boer M., van den Eijnden R.J.J.M., Boniel-Nissim M. et al. Adolescents Intense and Problematic Social Media Use and Their Well-Being in 29 Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020;6(66):89–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014.
5. Egorov A.Yu., Grechanyy S.V., Chuprova N.A. et. al. Clinical and psychological features of people with internet dependence: experience of a pilot study. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii
im. S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020;120(3):13–18.
(In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202012003113
6. Sun Y., Zhang Y. A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive behaviors. 2021;114:106699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106699
7. Wang C., Lee M.K.O. Why we cannot resist our smartphones: investigating compulsive use of mobile SNS from a Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement perspective. Journal of the Association for Information Systems. 2020;1(21):175200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00596
8. Boer M., Stevens G.W.J.M., Finkenauer C., de Looze M.E., van R.J.J.M. den Eijnden. Social media use intensity, social media use problems, and mental health among adolescents: Investigating directionality and mediating processes. Computers in Human Behavior. 2021;116:106645. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106645.
9. Priporova E.A., Agadullina E.R. Social motives for using social networks: analysis of user groups. Sotsialnaia psikhologiia i obshchestvo = Social Psychology and Society. 2019;4(10):96–111. (in Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100407.
10. Kircaburun K., Alhabash S., Tosuntaş Ş.B. et al. Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: a simultaneous examination of the big five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2020;18:525–547. DOI:10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6.
11. Marino C., Gini G., Angelini F., Vieno A., Spada M.M. Social norms and e-motions in problematic social media use among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors Reports. 2020;11:100250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100250.
12. Stockdale L. A., Coyne S. M. Bored and online: Reasons for using social media, problematic social networking site use, and behavioral outcomes across the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence. 2020;79:173–183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.010.
13. Frolova K.A. Influence of social networks on personal self-assessment. Byulleten medicinskoj nauki = Bulletin of Medical Science. 2020;1S(17):53–54. (in Russ.).
14. Sheldon P., Antony M.G., Sykes B. Predictors of problematic social media use: personality and life-position indicators. Psychological Reports. 2021;124(3):1110–1133. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0033294120934706.
15. Kholmogorova A.B., Gerasimova A.A. Psychological Factors of Problematic Internet Use in Adolescent and Young Girls. Konsultativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2019;21(3):138–155. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2019270309.
16. Arrivillaga C., Rey L., Extremera N. A mediated path from emotional intelligence to problematic social media use in adolescents: The serial mediation of perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Addictive Behaviors. 2022;124:107095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107095.
17. Boursier V., Gioia F., Griffiths M.D. Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents problematic social media use? Computers in Human Behavior. 2020;110:106395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106395.
18. Keles B., McCrae N., Grealish A. A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 2020;25(1):79–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851.
19. Siebers T., Beyens I., Pouwels J.L., Valkenburg P.M. Social media and distraction: An experience sampling study among adolescents. Media Psychology. 2022;25(3):343–366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2021.1959350.
20. Tarafdar M., Maier C., Laumer S., Weitzel T. Explaining the Link between Technostress and Technology Addiction for Social Networking Sites: A Study of Distraction as a Coping Behavior. Information Systems Journal. 2020;30(1):96–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12253.
21. Du J., Kerkhof P., van Koningsbruggen G. M. The reciprocal relationships between social media self-control failure, mindfulness and wellbeing: A longitudinal study. PloS one. 2021;16(8):e0255648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255648.
22. Tandon A., Dhir A., Almugren I., AlNemer G.N., Mäntymäki M. Fear of missing out (FoMO) among social media users: a systematic literature review, synthesis and framework for future research. Internet Research. 2021;31(3):782–821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-11-2019-0455.
23. Scott H., Biello S.M., Woods H.C. Identifying drivers for bedtime social media use despite sleep costs: the adolescent perspective. Sleep Health. 2019;5(6):539–545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.07.006.
24. Lin Ch-Y., Broström A., Griffiths M.D., Pakpour A.H. Investigating mediated effects of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 misunderstanding in the association between problematic social media use, psychological distress, and insomnia. Internet interventions. 2020;21:100345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100345.
25. Fernandes B., Uzun B., Aydin C. et al. Internet use during COVID-19 lockdown among young people in low- and middle-income countries: Role of psychological wellbeing. Addictive Behaviors Reports. 2021;14:100379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100379.
26. Cauberghe V., Vanwesenbeeck I., De Jans S., Hudders L., Ponnet K. How adolescents use social media to cope with feelings of loneliness and anxiety during COVID-19 lockdown. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking. 2021;24(4):250–257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0478.
27. Marino C., Vieno A., Altoè G., Spada M.M. Factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale for adolescents and young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2017;6(1):5–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.004.
28. Sirota N.A., Moskovchenko D.V., Yaltonsky V.M., Yaltonskaya A.V. Development of the Russian. Version of the Questionnaire for the Problematic Use of Social Networks. Konsultativnaya psikhologiya i psikhoterapiya = Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2018;26(3):33–55.
(In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260303.
29. Chen S.H., Weng L.J., Su Y.J., Wu H.M., Yang P.F. Development of a Chinese Internet addiction scale and its psychometric study. Chinese Journal of Psychology. 2003;45(3):279–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t44491-000.
30. Trusova A.V., Shumskaya D.S., Kibitov A.O. Psychometric properties and validation of the Russian version of the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) in a sample of young adults. Voprosy narkologii = Addiction issues. 2021;7(202):24–54. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47877/0234-0623_2021_07_34.
31. Nagata J.M. New findings from the health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) survey: social media, social determinants, and mental health. The Journal of adolescent health. 2020;66(6S):S1–S2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.024
32. Miovský M., Černíková T., Nováková E., Gabrhelík R. Developing and implementing a national quality assurance policy and control policy in school-based prevention of risk behaviors: a case study. Journal of Substance Use. 2022:1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2022.2082336
33. Lanovaya A.M., Shakun E.Yu., Fadeeva E.V. et al. Social networking and internet gaming among students of the Yaroslavl region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Voprosy narkologii = Addiction issues. 2021;4(199):73–91. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.47877/0234-0623_2021_04_73
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Published
2022-12-29
How to Cite
Lanovaya, A., & Fadeeva, E. (2022). Problematic use of social media in adolescents with Internet addictive behavior: preliminary results. Psychology. Psychophysiology, 15(4), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps220406
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Section
Medical (clinical) psychology
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