ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ НЕЙРОПЛАСТИЧНОСТИ КАК ОСНОВА ПСИХИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ (ЧАСТЬ 1)
Аннотация
Аннотация. Целью работы является обзор современных исследований, посвященных изучению физиологических механизмов нейропластичности, рассматриваемой в качестве основы психических процессов и социально-профессиональной адаптации.
Содержание. Анализ литературных источников позволил определить феномен нейропластичности как способность организма адаптироваться к условиям внутренней и внешней среды путем оптимальной структурно-функциональной перестройки нервной ткани головного мозга, имеющей в своей основе сложный комплекс событий, связанных с нейрогенезом и апоптозом, синаптической пластичностью, изменением электровозбудимости нервных клеток и экспрессией генов, а также нейрон-глиальными взаимодействиями. В первой части работы рассматриваются результаты исследований, демонстрирующих влияние на нейропластичность молекулярно-генетических факторов, при воздействии которых происходят изменения структурно-функциональной сложности нейронных сетей, определяющих: эффективность интегративных функций мозга, социальную и профессиональную адаптацию, устойчивость к развитию патологических состояний. Анализ результатов исследований позволил сделать заключение о том, что предметная и информационная насыщенность окружающей среды, социальное окружение и характер отношений между членами социальной группы, когнитивная и физическая активность, обучение новым формам поведения и приобретение профессиональных знаний также могут оказывать значительное влияние на физиологические механизмы нейропластичности, тем самым увеличивая эффективность адаптации.
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