Comparative-contrastive analysis of self-actualization diagnostics: S.B. Kaufman and A.V. Lazukin’s methodologies in psychological research

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of two methodologies for diagnosing self-actualization in the 21st century: the approach developed by American cognitive psychologist S.B. Kaufman and that of Russian psychologist A.V. Lazukin. Aims: to systematically compare these methods for diagnosing self-actualization in individuals. Materials and methods. The analysis draws on Kaufman’s work, Self-Actualizing People in the 21st Century: Integration With Contemporary Theory and Research on Personality and Well-Being (2018), and Lazukin’s Diagnostics of Self-Actualization of an Individual (adapted by N.F. Kalina, 2018). Results. The findings reveal that Kaufman’s method offers a more detailed and universal framework, incorporating multiple dimensions such as reality perception, influencing factors, and need satisfaction, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of internal motivation and its impact on self-actualization. In contrast, Lazukin’s approach adopts a holistic perspective, emphasizing the internal potential of the individual through factors such as intuition, creativity, and personal development. Despite their differences, both methodologies demonstrate broad applicability across diverse populations, irrespective of age, profession, or social status. Conclusion. The article concludes that both diagnostic techniques are valuable tools for exploring self-actualization, self-determination, personal growth, and the realization of individual potential in the context of an increasingly digitalized and globalized society