Вклад нарушений исполнительных функций в развитие поведенческих зависимостей
Ключевые слова:
исполнительные функции, поведенческие аддикции, тормозный контроль, рабочая память, когнитивная гибкость, нейробиологические механизмы, нейропластичность
Аннотация
Обоснование. Поведенческие аддикции представляют собой значимую междисциплинарную проблему современной психологии и нейронаук. Рост их распространённости и высокая социальная приемлемость обусловливают интерес к когнитивным механизмам уязвимости, в частности к роли исполнительных функций. Цель: систематизация современных научных данных о роли нарушений исполнительных функций – тормозного контроля, рабочей памяти и когнитивной гибкости – в формировании и поддержании поведенческих аддикций, а также анализ их нейробиологических основ с целью уточнения возможных механизмов уязвимости и направлений когнитивной коррекции и профилактики. Теоретические основы. Статья представляет собой нарративный обзор научной литературы. Поиск публикаций осуществлялся в международных базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, а также в научной электронной библиотеке eLibrary. Использовались ключевые слова и их комбинации на русском и английском языках: «исполнительные функции», «поведенческие аддикции», «executive functions», «behavioral addictions», «inhibitory control», «working memory», «cognitive flexibility», «prefrontal cortex», «gambling disorder», «internet addiction». В обзор включены оригинальные исследования, метаанализы и систематические обзоры, опубликованные преимущественно в период 2000–2024 гг. Результаты. Анализ литературы показал, что дефицит исполнительных функций – тормозного контроля, рабочей памяти и когнитивной гибкости – играет ключевую роль в формировании нейрокогнитивной уязвимости к поведенческим аддикциям. Нарушения тормозного контроля ассоциированы с повышенной импульсивностью и неспособностью противостоять немедленным вознаграждениям. Дефицит рабочей памяти затрудняет удержание долгосрочных целей и оценку последствий поведения, а снижение когнитивной гибкости способствует персеверативным формам активности. Эти когнитивные нарушения коррелируют со структурно-функциональными изменениями мозга, включая гиперактивацию системы вознаграждения (вентральный стриатум) и снижение активности систем когнитивного контроля (префронтальная кора). Заключение. Нарушения исполнительных функций являются одним из центральных факторов риска развития поведенческих аддикций и опосредуются дисбалансом между системами вознаграждения и когнитивного контроля. Несмотря на накопленные данные, взаимосвязи носят преимущественно корреляционный характер, что подчёркивает необходимость дальнейших лонгитюдных исследований.
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Литература
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8. Zhou Z., Zhou H., Zhu H. Working memory, executive function and impulsivity in Internet-addictive disorders: A comparison with pathological gambling. CNS Spectrums. 2015;20(5):487-495. DOI: 10.1017/S1092852915000497
9. Casey B.J., Jones R.M., Hare T.A. The adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2011;1124(1):111–126. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1440.010
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11. Jackson L.A., Wang J.-L. Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the United States. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29(3):1102–1112. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.011
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13. Billieux J., Schimmenti A., Khazaal Y. et al. Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 2015;4(3):119–123. DOI: 10.1556/2006.4.2015.009
14. Paulus M.P., Squeglia L.M., Bagot K. et al. Screen media activity and brain structure in youth: Evidence for diverse structural correlation networks from the ABCD study. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2019;65(1):45–53.
15.Volkow N.D., Michaelides M., Baler R. The neuroscience of drug reward and addiction. Physiological Reviews. 2017;97(4):2117–2144. DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2018.
16. Dalley J.W., Roiser J.P. Dopamine, serotonin and impulsivity. Neuroscience. 2012;215:42–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.065
17. Everitt B.J., Robbins T.W. Drug Addiction: Updating Actions to Habits to Compulsions Ten Years On. Annual Review of Psychology. 2016;67):23–50. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033457
18. Burgess P.W., Simons J.S. Theories of frontal lobe executive function: Clinical applications. Eds. P.W. Halligan, D.T. Wade. Effectiveness of rehabilitation for cognitive deficits. Oxford University Press. 2005:211–231.
19. Николаева Е.И., Вергунов Е.Г. Что такое «executive functions» и их развитие в онтогенезе // Теоретическая и экспериментальная психология. 2017. Т.10, № 2. С. 62–81.
20. Clark L., Bechara A., Damasio H. et al. Differential effects of insular and ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions on risky decision-making. Brain. 2008;131(5):1311–1322. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn066
21. Friedman N.P., Miyake A. The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2004;133(1):101–135. DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.133.1.101.
22. Rolls E.T., Grabenhorst F. The orbitofrontal cortex and beyond: from affect to decision-making. Progress in Neurobiology. 2008;86(3):216–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.09.001
23. Lehto J.E., Juujärvi P., Kooistra L. et al. Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 2003;21(1):59–80. DOI: 10.1348/026151003321164627
24. Alloway T.P., Gathercole S.E., Willis C. et al. A structural analysis of working memory and related cognitive skills in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2004;87(2):85–106.
25. Diamond A. Executive Functions. Annual Review of Psychology. 2013;64(1):135–168. DOI:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
26. Louie K., Glimcher P.W. Separating value from choice: Delay discounting activity in the lateral intraparietal area. Journal of Neuroscience. 2010;30(16):5498–5507. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5742-09.2010.
27. Muraven M. Building Self-Control Strength: Practicing Self-Control Leads to Improved Self-Control Performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46(2):465–468. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.011
28. Frank M.J. Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making. Neural Networks. 2006;19(8):1120–1136. DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006.
29. Bunge S.A., Dudukovic N.M., Thomason M.E. et al. Immature frontal lobe contributions to cognitive control in children: Evidence from fMRI. Neuron. 2002;33(2):301–311. DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00583-9
Nigg J.T. On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin. 2000;126(2):220–246. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.220.
31. Posner M.I., DiGirolamo G.J. Executive attention: Conflict, target detection, and cognitive control. Ed. R. Parasuraman. The attentive brain Cambridge: MIT Press. 1998:401–423.
32. Titz C., Karbach J. Working memory and executive functions: effects of training on academic achievement. Psychological Research. 2014;78(6):852–868. DOI: 10.1007/s00426-013-0537-1
33. Anderson M.C., Levy B.J. Suppressing Unwanted Memories. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2009;18(4):189–194. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01634.x
34. Miyake A., Friedman N.P., Emerson M.J. et al. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology. 2000;41(1):49–100. DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
35. Baddeley A. Working memory: theories, models, and controversies. Annual Review of Psychology. 2012;63:1–29. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422.
36. Ionescu T. Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility. New Ideas in Psychology. 2012;30(2):190–200. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2011.11.001
37. Buttelmann F., Karbach J. Development and plasticity of cognitive flexibility in early and middle childhood. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8:1040. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01040
38. Uddin L.Q. Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: neural mechanisms and clinical consideration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2021;22(3):167–179. DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00428-w
39. Runco M.A. Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice Creativity (Second Edition). Waltham. MA: Academic Press. 2014:1–38.
40. Николаева Н.И. Психофизиология. Психологическая физиология с основами последовательной психологии. Москва: ПЕР СЭ. 2008. 368 с.
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References
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Опубликован
2026-03-30
Как цитировать
Левченко, Л. (2026). Вклад нарушений исполнительных функций в развитие поведенческих зависимостей. Психология. Психофизиология, 19(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps260107
Выпуск
Раздел
Психофизиология
Copyright (c) 2026 Психология. Психофизиология
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