ОТНОШЕНИЕ К МЕРАМ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ COVID-19: ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОРРЕКЦИИ
Ключевые слова:
COVID-19, меры профилактики COVID-19, социальное дистанцирование, информационно-психологическое воздействие, черты личности, ценности, аттитюды, убеждения, персо-нализированное воздействие, недостоверная информация, жизнеспособность человека
Аннотация
Аннотация. Изучение психологических закономерностей формирования и изменения отношения к мерам профилактики является важной составляющей при планировании и проведении мероприятий, направленных на борьбу с пандемиями и эпидемиями.
Цель: анализ результатов современных исследований, касающихся психологических оснований и возможностей коррекции отношения к мерам профилактики COVID-19.
Теоретические основы. Теоретическим основанием обзора является представление о системной, многоуровневой детерминации поведения человека. Использовалась база данных Google Академии, поиск литературы осуществлялся по ключевым словам: меры профилактики COVID-19, социальное дистанцирование, гигиенические меры. Результаты. Выделено три группы психологических характеристик – предикторов ответственного, соответствующего профилактическим рекомендациям поведения: стабильные (черты личности, ценности, особенности когнитивной сферы, культурные особенности); относительно-стабильные (мировоззренческие убеждения, уровень базовых научных знаний, особенности социального Я и групповой идентичности); динамические (эмоциональное состояние, аттитюды и убеждения, касающиеся пандемии: ее серьезность, субъективная уязвимость, оценки эффективности мер профилактики, отношение к институтам власти). Их влияние на выполнение мер профилактики носит как прямой, непосредственный характер, так и косвенный, при котором оно опосредовано промежуточными переменными. Рассматриваются возможности коррекции негативного отношения к мерам профилактики COVID-19 при помощи информационно-психологического воздействия. Выделено две основные стратегии такого воздействия: прямая, при которой целью воздействия становятся аттитюды и убеждения, непосредственно касающиеся профилактических мер (их эффективность, доступность и др.); косвенная, ориентированная на изменение более широкого круга аттитюдов и убеждений (восприятие серьезности пандемии, отношение к институтам власти и др.). Проанализированы закономерности информационно-психологического воздействия, связанные с субъектом, объектом и средствами воздействия. Заключение. Наличие разнообразных психологических оснований отношения к мерам профилактики COVID-19 хотя и усложняет задачу его коррекции, но не делает ее невыполнимой.
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Литература
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Опубликован
2021-10-01
Как цитировать
Борисова, А., Горюнова, Н., Кубрак, Т., Латынов, В., & Махнач, А. (2021). ОТНОШЕНИЕ К МЕРАМ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ COVID-19: ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОРРЕКЦИИ. Психология. Психофизиология, 14(3), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.14529/jpps210301
Выпуск
Раздел
Общая психология, психология личности, история психологии
Copyright (c) 2022 Психология. Психофизиология
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